The power sector is one of the primary driving forces of Bangladesh's economy and public life. Over the last decade and a half, the country's power sector underwent a fundamental transformation. On one hand, records were set in power generation capacity; on the other, load-shedding occurred due to changing global political and economic dynamics alongside structural weaknesses.

1. Sheikh Hasina’s Era (2009–2024): Record Growth in Capacity

Upon taking office in 2009, the Sheikh Hasina government assigned the highest priority to the power sector. During this period, measures ranging from short-term 'Quick Rental' power plants to long-term mega-projects were undertaken to rapidly increase power supply.

• Increase in Generation Capacity: In 2009, the country's total installed power generation capacity was approximately 4,942 MW. By mid-2024, including captive power and renewables, this capacity had expanded to over 30,000 MW.

• Record Generation Peak: During the summer seasons of 2023 and 2024, the country reported record-breaking electricity generation. On April 30, 2024, a peak production of 16,478 MW was recorded, marking the highest single-day generation in the history of Bangladesh.

• Infrastructure and Grid Access: Major developments progressed on coal-fired mega-projects such as Rampal, Payra, and Matarbari ultra-supercritical plants, alongside the Rooppur Nuclear Power Project. 100% electricity coverage across the nation's geographic area was officially declared.

4. Comparative Data Overview Indicator 2009 2024 (Peak) Current Challenges Installed Capacity 4,942 MW 30,000+ MW ~8,000–10,000 MW idle due to fuel shortages Peak Generation 3,268 MW 16,478 MW Generation reduced due to primary fuel (gas/coal) crisis National Grid Access 47% of population 99%+ of population Lack of modernization in transmission and distribution grids

Author: Anwaruzzaman Chowdhury, Politician, Mayor, Sylhet City Corporation